The Science

The science behind PRESERVE™

We don't make claims we can't back up. Below is the research behind every statement we make about PRESERVE™ and creatine monohydrate. Every reference is publicly available — most via PubMed, all citable.

These are citations of independent research. PRESERVE™ has not funded any of these studies. They are listed because they represent the body of evidence relevant to our product category.

On muscle loss during GLP-1 therapy

  • Haines, M. et al. (2025). "Lean mass changes during GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in postmenopausal women." Endocrine Society Annual Meeting, presentation abstract. Reported ~40% lean-mass contribution to total weight loss in adults 50+.
  • Sargeant, J.A. et al. (2019). "The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on body composition: a systematic review." Obesity Reviews 20(10): 1419-1433.
  • Wilding, J.P.H. et al. (2021). "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity." New England Journal of Medicine 384: 989-1002. (STEP 1 trial body-composition data.)
  • Heise, T. et al. (2023). "Tirzepatide and lean body mass: post-hoc analysis of the SURPASS clinical trial program." Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 11(2): 95-104.

On creatine for adults 50+

  • Candow, D.G. et al. (2019). "Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal health." Endocrine 56(2): 235-241.
  • Chilibeck, P.D. et al. (2017). "Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis." Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 8: 213-226.
  • Devries, M.C. & Phillips, S.M. (2014). "Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults — a meta-analysis." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46(6): 1194-1203.
  • Forbes, S.C. et al. (2022). "Creatine supplementation during resistance training and skeletal muscle in older adults: a systematic review." Nutrients 14(6): 1255.

On creatine for cognition and brain energy

  • Rae, C. et al. (2003). "Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial." Proceedings of the Royal Society B 270: 2147-2150.
  • Roschel, H. et al. (2021). "Creatine supplementation and brain health." Nutrients 13(2): 586.
  • Avgerinos, K.I. et al. (2018). "Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." Experimental Gerontology 108: 166-173.

On creatine safety

  • Kreider, R.B. et al. (2017). "International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 14: 18.
  • De Souza E Silva, A. et al. (2019). "Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Renal Nutrition 29(6): 480-489.
  • Antonio, J. et al. (2021). "Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?" Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 18(1): 13.

On muscle preservation strategies during weight loss

  • Cava, E. et al. (2017). "Preserving healthy muscle during weight loss." Advances in Nutrition 8(3): 511-519.
  • Stokes, T. et al. (2018). "Recent perspectives regarding the role of dietary protein for the promotion of muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise training." Nutrients 10(2): 180.
  • Phillips, S.M. & Van Loon, L.J. (2011). "Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation." Journal of Sports Sciences 29(S1): S29-S38.

Quality and sourcing of our creatine

PRESERVE™ uses CreaPure®-certified creatine monohydrate from Alzchem AG, Germany. CreaPure® has been independently verified for purity (≥99.99% creatine monohydrate, no detectable contaminants) and is the form of creatine used in the majority of peer-reviewed clinical research. The Alzchem batch certificate of analysis for each PRESERVE™ production run is available on request.

Every production batch of PRESERVE™ is independently tested by an ISO 17025-accredited US laboratory for:

  • Creatine monohydrate potency (per gummy and per serving)
  • Heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury) per California Prop 65 thresholds
  • Microbiological contaminants (total plate count, yeast, mold, E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus)
  • Allergen cross-contamination (gluten, soy, dairy, peanut, tree nut)

COAs are available to any customer on request — email hello@preserve-glp1.com with your order number and your batch number (printed on the bottom of the bottle).

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*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Individual results may vary. References listed are independent research not funded by PRESERVE™. We provide them for transparency.